The organism is unique in its ability to establish persistent infection, requiring. Used in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs. Currently, only a few new drugs have been evaluated in clinical trials. The reemergence of tuberculosis infections which are resistant to conventional drug therapy has demonstrated the need for alternative chemotherapy against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Top 200 drugs chapter 1 gastrointestinal nursing pharmacology by suffix memorizing pharmacology duration. The quiz below is designed to ensure that you get to practice what you learnt and its uses. The mycobactericidal activity is due to it being unable to generate energy. How to download ppt files from slideshare online for free. Russ, in comprehensive clinical nephrology fourth edition, 2010. Tuberculosis is a major cause of death around the world, with most of the 1. Antimycobacterial drugs the major drugs used in tuberculosis are isoniazid inh, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin. If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you dont have a myaccess profile, please contact your librarys reference desk for information on how to. Compelling features such as a drug prototype approach, use.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis and is a very important pathogen of humans. Overview of antibacterial drugs infectious diseases. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Ppt antimicrobial drugs powerpoint presentation free. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. If you want to download or read this book, copy link or url below in the new tab.
Et eating ham in a tall boot oral administration et is eating ham with a potato penetrates cns and used in treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Expert opinion on investigational drugs 1997, 6, 12271245. Sulfonamide 1934, penicillin g 1941penicillium notatum aminoglycosides streptomycin, kanamycin1946 source soil bacteria actinomyctes group. Chapter 41 antimycobacterial drugs classification of antimycobacterial drugs drugs for tuberculosis isoniazid rifampin rifadina ethambutol myambutol pyrazinamide streptomycin amikacin drugs for mycobacterium aviumintracellulare infections azithromycin zithromaxb drugs for leprosy dapsone rifampin rifadin clofazimine lamprene thalidomide. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Nitroquinolones with broadspectrum antimycobacterial activity in vitro. Pdf antimycobacterial drugs currently in phase ii clinical. Anti mycobacterial drugs can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. Antimycobacterial agents differ with respect to their bacteriostatic versus bactericidal activities in relation to time of exposure, mycobacterial growth phase, and their use in combination irma a. Antimycobacterial medical definition merriamwebster. Definition an antimycobacterial is atype of drug used to treatmycobacteria infections.
Have you just learned about these types of medicines and their agent. Ppt antimicrobial drugs powerpoint presentation free to. Mycobacteria are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics. Antimycobacterial treatment see also chapter 52 in renal impairment and rrt requires dose modification according to renal function and avoidance of drug interactions. Ten individual colonies were picked, grown in 7h9 media. By bohlooli s, phd school of medicine, ardabil university of medical sciences. Antimycobacterial an overview sciencedirect topics. Ppt antimycobacterial drugs powerpoint presentation. Classification of antimycobacterial drugs physician assistant 110 with hendrix at anne arundel community college. Classification of antimycobacterial drugs physician. Feb 01, 2000 indications for prophylactic treatment of tuberculosis are shown in the accompanying table. Isoniazid therapy should be continued for a minimum of six months in. Antimycobacterial drug development need for new therapies to treat patients both now and in the future global burden of disease from tb who 2011 estimates 8. Anti tuberculosis all illustrations are associated with a tuber potato, symbolizing m.
Overview of antibacterial drugs msd manual professional edition. Deepak k gupta slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Mechanisms of action and resistance of antimycobacterial agents. First, mac organisms have an intrinsic resistance to the majority of common antimycobacterial drugs due to their impermeability to these agents, 14, 26. Antimycobacterical drugs,in basic and clinical pharmacology,katzung, b. They can also be dormant, thus they are completely resistant to other drugs or killedon very slowly the lipidrich mycobacterial cell wall is impermeable to many agents. Their cell walls contain mycolic acids, which give the genus its name. Mode of action antimicrobial resistance learning site. Antibiotics sometimes interact with other drugs, raising or lowering serum levels of other drugs by increasing or decreasing their metabolism or by various other mechanisms see table some common effects of antibiotics on other drugs.
Isoniazid therapy should be continued for a minimum of six months in adults at a dosage of 300 mg daily. Antimycobacterial the medicinal chemistry view of it tuberculosis treatments leprosy leprostatic agents slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Accelerates activity of liver cytochrome p450 enzymes, decreasing halflives of many drugs speedy liver ethambutol ethamboottall. Isoniazid and rifampin fluoroquinolone at least one of the 3 other second line drugs. Data sources include ibm watson micromedex updated 4 may 2020, cerner multum updated 4 may 2020, wolters kluwer updated. A number of antimycobacterial agents were evaluated with respect to their bacteriostatic activity growth inhibition versus the bactericidal activity against a clinical isolate of mycobacterium avium mycobacterium avium complex mac strain 101 in relation to the time of exposure and the growth phase of the mycobacteria. Nov 06, 2018 anti mycobacterial drugs can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you dont have a myaccess profile, please contact your librarys reference desk for information on how to gain access to this resource from offcampus. The significant clinical implication of resistance has led to heightened interest in the study of antimicrobial resistance from different angles. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Five microliter aliquots of the formic acid extracts from the timecourse experiment were loaded on a pei cellulose tlc.
Introduction tuberculosis most important communicable disease in the world. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Mechanisms of action and resistance of antimycobacterial. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The quiz below is designed to ensure that you get to practice what you. Tuberculosis is prototype example of granulomatous. Overview mycobacteria are rodshaped aerobic bacilli that multiple slowly, every 18 to 24 hours in vitro. Prospects for development of new antimycobacterial drugs. This prompts concern, as anthelmintic resistance has been widely reported in livestock and it may also only be a matter of time before this phenomenon occurs in parasites of humans. Study 3 classification of antimycobacterial drugs flashcards from tracy t. Drugs, brains, and behavior the science of addiction. Mycobacteria are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics grows more slowly than other bacteria antibiotics grows more slowly than other bacteria antibiotics active against rapidly growing cells lipidrich mycobacterial. Antimycobacterial drugs currently in phase ii clinical trials and preclinical phase for tuberculosis treatment september 2012 expert opinion on investigational drugs 2112. Second line agents amikacin aminosalicylic acid capreomycin ciprofloxacin clofazimine slideshow 5083322 by.
Competitive inhibitor of paba in folate synthesis foliage falling. Antimycobacterial agents differ with respect to their. This disease is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acidfast bacillus that is transmitted primarily via the respiratory route. Once youve opened the presentation, save it to your computer by clicking the download icon in the upper right of the screen it looks like a down arrow with a line under it. Defination an interaction is said to occur when the effects of one drug is changed by the presence of other drug, herb, food, drink. Outlines introduction classificationsstructuresmoasarusesside effects 3. In terms of growth inhibition the mac in the active phase of growth. Study of antimicrobial quinolones and structure activity. Areas addressed include mechanisms underlying this resistance, improved methods to detect resistance when. Interaction of antimycobacterial drugs with the anti. Diarylquinolines are antimycobacterial drugs that interfere with mycobacterial energy production by binding and inhibiting subunit c of atp synthase in the mycobacterium. Although taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, research shows that the earlier a person begins to use drugs, the more likely he or she is to develop serious problems. First line agents isoniazid inh rifampine pyrazinamide ethambutol streptomycin. Bakkerwoudenberg, 1, wim van vianen, 1 dick van soolingen, 2 henri a.
Summary the increased use of antibacterial and antifungal agents in recent years has resulted in the development of resistance to these drugs. In particular, mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly successful human pathogen, infecting onethird of the worlds population and leading to approximately 3 million deaths worldwide annually 1. The complex mechanism of antimycobacterial action of 5. A favorite among nursing students, pharmacology for nursing care, 8th edition, features a uniquely engaging writing style, clear explanations, and unmatched clinical precision and currency to help you gain a solid understanding of key drugs and their implications as opposed to just memorization of certain facts. This is part 1 of a 2part lecture on antibiotics antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are a group of drugs used to treat various infections caused by. Combination of two or more drugs are required to overcome. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Resistance to 5fu in mtb is conferred by mutations in upp or pyrr. His first sputum smear shows many acidfast bacilli, and a rapid hiv antibody test returns with a positive result. Historically, mycobacterial infections have been associated with signifi cant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Nitrogen atoms in figure above are red, sulfur light bluegreen and oxygen atoms are green. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Indications for prophylactic treatment of tuberculosis are shown in the accompanying table.
In addition, many drugs, with the exception of macrolides, are generally ineffective or weakly effective for mac infections for the following reasons. Definitions chemotherapy the use of drugs to treat a disease antimicrobial drugs interfere with the growth of microbes within a host antibiotic substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe selective toxicity a drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host bacteriostatic modes of action that either kill or bacteriocidal inhibit. Test bank for pharmacology for nursing care 8th edition by. Current status of some antituberculosis drugs and the development of new antituberculous agents with special reference to their in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities. Emb is also an important antimycobacterial drug as it enhances the effect of other companion drugs including. The most clinically important interactions involve drugs with a low therapeutic ratio ie, toxic levels are.
Areas addressed include mechanisms underlying this resistance, improved methods to detect resistance. Instead of downloading an entire slideshare presentation, you can save a single presentation slide or slides using the clip slides. This is part 1 of a 2part lecture on antibiotics antibiotics, also known as antibacterials, are a group of drugs used to. Disease is most common in south east asia, sub saharan region, eastern. Pharmacology antimycobacterials drugs linkedin slideshare. Phar 532 lecture 10 antimycobacterial drugs antimicrobial agents and immunization 2.
Anti mycobacterial drugsanti mycobacterial drugs mycobacteria are intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics. The discovery of antimicrobial drugs have successfully controlled the majority of bacterial, parasitical, fungal infections during the last 70year. Characterization and fate of 5fu metabolites in mtb a tlc analysis of nucleotides extracted from 5f14 cu treated mtb h37ra cells. Clinical use treatment of infections resistant to other drugs adults. Different antibiotics have different modes of action, owing to the nature of their structure and degree of affinity to certain target sites within bacterial cells. Mycobacteria infect mononuclear phagocytes can live for years as intracellular parasites tb presents with pulmonary sx may involve lymph nodes, bones, skin, genitourinary tract and meninges. As a result of efficient chemotherapy, bcg vaccination. Definition an antimycobacterial is atype of drug used to. Jun 09, 20 antimycobacterial the medicinal chemistry view of it tuberculosis treatments leprosy leprostatic agents slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. As part of a study to optimize the quinolone antibacterials against m. Key drugs registered for the treatment of parasitic worms in humans.
1374 837 934 694 685 678 1007 1535 1233 563 1441 289 985 1493 594 1310 873 1054 1123 1379 596 84 529 1094 340 1477 184 1095 1238 1184 1460 628 635 1142 813 316 33 1102 140 465 1486 325 340 177 228